PDELTA02: Cantilever frame with small and big delta effects
1. Problem definition
1.1 Section properties
- Section: W14×48 (W360×72)
1.2 Material properties
- Young's modulus, E = 200 GPa (29,000 ksi)
1.3 Loading
-
Lateral point load:
- 4.45 kN (1.0 kip) causing bending about strong axis
-
Axial load cases:
- 0 kN
- 445 kN
- 667 kN
- 890 kN
2. Songeya model
The benchmark reference values used for comparison exclude transverse shear deformation. Songeya frame elements are based on Euler-Bernoulli beam theory and therefore do not include transverse shear deformation.
3. Results (890 kN axial)
3.1 Deformation along X
3.2 Bending moment
4. Comparison
4.1 Base bending moment, Mbase
| Axial Load P (kN) | Songeya (kN·m) | Reference (kN·m) | Difference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 38.0 | 38.0 | 0.0% | OK |
| 445 | 53.0 | 53.1 | 0.2% | OK |
| 667 | 67.6 | 67.7 | 0.1% | OK |
| 890 | 95.9 | 96.2 | 0.3% | OK |
4.2 Tip displacement, Δtip
| Axial Load P (kN) | Songeya (mm) | Reference (mm) | Difference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 22.9 | 22.9 | 0.0% | OK |
| 445 | 33.8 | 33.9 | 0.3% | OK |
| 667 | 44.5 | 44.6 | 0.2% | OK |
| 890 | 65.1 | 65.4 | 0.5% | OK |
5. Reference
American Institute of Steel Construction. (2016). Specification for structural steel buildings (ANSI/AISC 360-16). Chicago, IL: Author.